Abstract: . . .  whether the word rhymed with another word, (c) whether the word was a synonym for another word, or (d) whether the word described the subject. At the end of the encoding phase, subjects were given a blank piece of paper and asked to recall as many of the words as they could. The crucial comparison for Rogers et al. was between conditions (c) and (d) above, the semantic and self-reference conditions, respectively. They found t . . .
. . .  specificity of body part (generally arm and hand) ownership, and a small number of imaging studies have repeatedly isolated a common set of areas involved in the experience of an action as caused or not caused by the self (see Table 3 and Figure 2). Thus, the senses of self constituted by body part ownership and action ownership, or agency, appear to be special. 85 IS SELF SPECIAL? Page 11 Psychological Self Perhaps not surprisingly, most research on the self in psychol- ogy concerns the psychological self: our personal traits, our auto- biographical memories, and the subjective perspective from which we view the world. The literature on the psychological self can be classified into these three categories. As with our review of the literature . . .
. . .  states, often termed theory of mind; as concluded by Vogeley and colleagues (2001), “Theory of mind and self involve at least in part separate neural mechanisms” (p. 180). Other researchers have proposed specific neural localizations of self-related processing in general, although their localizations have varied. For example, the left hemisphere has been hypothesized to be critical for recognition of our own face as well as “autobiographical knowledge, personal beliefs, currently active goal states and conceptions of self” (Turk et al., 2002, p. 842; see also Kircher et al., 2000). A similar role has also been claimed for the right hemisphere in the context of right prefrontal activation: “There is growing evidence that processing of self-related . . .
. . .  including behavioral observation of neurological patients, behavioral studies of normal subjects contrasting memory for self-related and self-irrelevant material, and imaging studies of normal subjects judging whether specific traits characterize them. Miller et al. (2001) focused on the neural basis of psychological traits in a study entitled “The Neuroanatomy of the Self.” Review- ing the charts of 72 patients with primarily left, right, or bilateral frontotemporal dementia, they sought to identify patients who had undergone “a shift from a previously well-defined self to a new well-defined self,” where self was defined as “temporally stable, trans-situational consistencies in behavior, dress, or political or religious ideology” (Miller et al., . . .
--3000,4,375,2982,53976