Abstract: . . .  segments constitute processing units; if word forms were retrieved as units, such errors could not occur. Thus, for the word “baby,” the segments /b/, /e/, /b/, /i/ are retrieved. In the model of Levelt et al., the string of segments is subsequently syllabified following the syllabification rules of the language and is assigned stress. Many words are stressed according to simple default rules: For example, bisyllabic English words are usually stressed on the first syllable. For words that deviate from these rules, stress information  . . .
. . .  that it restores some of this information (see Hill & Murray, 1998). For instance, readers can use the comma in Since Jay always jogs, a mile seems like a very short distance to him to avoid misinterpretation. Readers also seem to be sensitive to line breaks, paragraph marking, and the like. Their comprehension improves, for example, when line breaks in a text correspond to major constituent boundaries (Graf & Torrey, 1966, cited in Page 29 Treiman et al., Psycholinguistics , 29 Clark & Clark, 1977). LANGUAGE PRODUCTION As we have discussed, comprehenders must map the spoken or written input onto . . .
. . .  constitute processing units; if word forms were retrieved as units, such errors could not occur. Thus, for the word “baby,” the segments /b/, /e/, /b/, /i/ are retrieved. In the model of Levelt et al., the string of segments is subsequently syllabified following the syllabification rules of the language and is assigned stress. Many words are stressed according to simple default rules: For example, bisyllabic English words are usually stressed on the first syllable. For words that deviate from these rules, stress information  . . .
. . .  morphological information comes from a variety of sources. For instance, people sometimes make speech errors such as “imagine getting your model renosed”, where stems exchange while affixes remain in place (Fromkin, 1971). Other evidence shows that morphologically related primes have different effects on the production of target words than do semantically or phonologically related primes (e.g., Roelofs, 1996; Zwitserlood, Boelte, & Dohmes, 2000). Priming experiments have also shown that morphemes are accessed in sequence, according to their order in the utterance (e.g., Roelofs, 1996). In the model by Levelt . . .
. . .  Clifton, C., Jr, Meyer, A. S., & Wurm, L. H. (2003). Language comprehension and production. Comprehensive Handbook of Psychology, Volume 4: Experimental Psychology. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Pages 527-548. Copyright John Wiley & Sons. Psycholinguistics : Language comprehension and production Rebecca Treiman Wayne State University Charles Clifton, Jr. University of Massachusetts Antje S. Meyer University of Birmingham Lee H. Wurm Wayne State University Acknowledgments: Preparation of this chapter was supported by NSF Grant SBR-9807736 to R.T. and NIH Grant HD18708 to the University of Massachusetts. . . .
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