Abstract: . . .  reported or a particular theory was first advanced. A secondary source is a publication that gives a second-hand (and usually selective) account of work that has previously been published elsewhere. For example, if you read a summary in Atkinson and Hilgard’s textbook of the findings from a study that Bloggins carried out and published in a journal article, then the Bloggins article would be the primary source and the Atkinson and Hilgard’s textbook would be your secondary source. In your essay, you should reference both sources in the text using the following format: e. g. “Bloggins (1972) cited in Atkinson and Hilgard (14 th Edition)”. For the purposes of Psychology 1 essays, you need only provide the details of the secondary source in the reference list at the end of your essay. Of course, if you have actually managed to get hold of and read the primary source, then you should refer just to that (in both the text and the reference list). The reason why it is important to refer to primary sources is that it shows you are drawing on scientific studies which have been published in the scientific literature, Page 28 27 rather than relying on anecdote or personal experience. Remember that a crucial feature of an essay in psychology is that it must consist of a piece of coherently argued scientific writing. It is not a piece of journalism, so do not adopt a journalistic style. Instead, refer to scientific evidence and make this explicit by citing appropriate sources. English Grammar Psychology essays are not formally marked down for grammatical errors . . .
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