Abstract: . . .  biopsychology Page 1 Copyright 2002 Michael A. Bozarth. Portions Copyright 2001 Allyn & Bacon Biopsychology Chapter 2: Structure and Functions of Cells of the Nervous System Copyright 2002 Michael A. Bozarth. Portions Copyright 2001 Allyn & Bacon Neuron Structure 2.2 Copyright 2002 Michael A. Bozarth. Portions Copyright 2001 Allyn & Bacon Neuron Classification . . .
. . .  biopsychology Page 1 Copyright 2002 Michael A. Bozarth. Portions Copyright 2001 Allyn & Bacon Biopsychology Chapter 2: Structure and Functions of Cells of the Nervous System Copyright 2002 Michael A. Bozarth. Portions Copyright 2001 Allyn & Bacon Neuron Structure 2.2 Copyright 2002 Michael A. Bozarth. Portions Copyright 2001 Allyn & Bacon Neuron Classification . . .
. . .  Copyright 2001 Allyn & Bacon Neurotransmitter Release s Vesicles lie “docked” near the presynaptic membrane s The arrival of an action potential at the axon terminal opens voltage-dependent CA ++ channels q CA ++ ions flow into the axon q CA ++ ions change the structure of the proteins that bind the vesicles to the presynaptic membrane q A fusion pore is opened, which results in the merging of the vesicular and presynaptic membranes s The vesicles release their contents into the synapse q Released transmitter then . . .
. . .  mechanisms ® stimulate neurotransmitter/neuromodulator synthesis ® increased production of enzymes (e.g., tyrosine hydroxylase) ® stimulate formation of neuromodulators (e.g., NO) Copyright 2002 Michael A. Bozarth. Portions Copyright 2001 Allyn & Bacon Ligand-Gated Ion Channels s Na + => EPSPs s K + => IPSPs s Cl - => IPSPs s Ca 2+ => neurotransmitter release  . . .
. . .  Portions Copyright 2001 Allyn & Bacon Synapses s The “ synapse ” is the physical gap between pre- and post-synaptic membranes (20-30 nMeters) q Presynaptic membrane is typically an axon q The axon terminal contains x Mitochondria that provide energy for axon functions x Vesicles (round objects) that contain neurotransmitter x Cisternae that are a part of the Golgi apparatus: recycle vesicles q Postsynaptic membrane can be x A dendrite (axodendritic synapse) x A cell body (axosomatic synapse) x Another axon (axoaxonic . . .
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